![]() The Second World War and German occupation in Ukraine left total civilian losses estimated between five and eight million, including over half a million Jews killed by the Einsatzgruppen, sometimes with the help of local collaborators. ![]() Ukraine and became independent again after the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991. After a brief period of independence (1917–1921) following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Ukraine became one of the founding Republics of the Soviet Union in 1922. Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, formerly a part of the Soviet Union, bordering Russia, Romania and the Black Sea.įrom at least the ninth century, the territory of present-day Ukraine was a center of medieval East Slavic civilization forming the state of Kievan Rus. The current constitution was adopted on June 28, 1996. ![]() ![]() 1 An independence referendum was held on December 1, after which Ukrainian independence was finalized on December 26. ![]()
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